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Bone deformities can arise from various causes, including congenital (from birth), developmental (abnormal growth during childhood), and post-traumatic (healing in a deformed position after a fracture). These deformities can manifest in four primary ways:
- Angulation: A bend in the bone.
- Rotation or Torsion: A twist in the bone.
- Translation or Displacement: A shift in the position of the bone after a fracture or osteotomy.
- Limb Length Discrepancy: A difference in the length of a bone compared to its counterpart on the other side.
It is common for multiple deformity components to coexist, making the correction process complex.
Planning for Deformity Correction
Effective planning is crucial and involves extensive work outside the operating room. The planning process includes:
- Detailed tracings and calculations.
- Planning the osteotomy (bone cutting).
- Placement of rings, pins, and other fixation devices using both manual and computer-aided tools.
Infected Non-Unions
Infected non-unions refer to bones that have not healed after a fracture and are complicated by infection. Addressing these requires meticulous planning and execution to ensure successful outcomes.
Surgical Execution
Executing the deformity correction plan while adhering to minimally invasive principles is vital. Corrective osteotomy, the process of cutting the bone, requires stabilization through either internal or external fixation.
- Internal Fixation: Used for acute correction, where the deformity is corrected in a single surgical procedure.
- External Fixation: Preferred for gradual correction to avoid soft tissue damage, such as to nerves or blood vessels.
Particularly beneficial for:
- Bony Bar in the Epiphysis: Hemi-epiphysiodesis is not feasible in these cases.
- Limb Length Discrepancy: External fixators are ideal for lengthening the bone.
- Severe Valgus Deformity: Gradual correction prevents neurological complications.
Advanced Methods for Gradual Correction
One of the latest advancements in gradual correction is the Hexapod external fixator. This powerful tool can simultaneously correct all four deformity components using six-axis correction principles. The process is computer-aided, with software guiding the correction.
In children, gradual deformity correction can also be achieved through Hemi-epiphysiodesis, which involves stapling one side of the growth plate. This halts growth on the stapled side while allowing the other side to continue growing. Once the bone is straight, the staple is removed to permit symmetric growth of the entire growth plate.
Causes of Deformity Development
The X-ray image shows one of the most common causes of deformity: injury to the epiphysis (growth plate). When the growth plate heals and fuses, growth arrests, causing deformity. Other causes of growth arrests include congenital or developmental defects, infections, and hormonal imbalances.
Comprehensive Planning
A thorough clinical assessment and full-length X-rays are essential. They help identify the exact location and nature of the deformity and any hidden deformities. This information is crucial for planning the type and extent of correction, understanding the overall biomechanics of the limb, and serving as a reference for future follow-ups. In this particular patient, the deformity is localized to the proximal tibia (the leg bone close to the knee) on both sides.
Why Choose Mangal Anand Hospital?
Mangal Anand Hospital excels in orthopedic care, offering advanced treatments and personalized attention for bone deformities. Our experienced team of orthopedic specialists uses the latest surgical techniques and state-of-the-art technology to provide the best possible outcomes. We are committed to ensuring optimal results and enhancing the quality of life for our patients.
If you have a bone deformity, consult our orthopedic experts at Mangal Anand Hospital to determine the most suitable treatment plan for your needs. Early intervention can prevent complications and improve your overall well-being. Choose Mangal Anand Hospital for exceptional orthopedic care and advanced deformity correction procedures.